Воскресенье, 5 мая 2024

Птицы Кипра: франколин, гусь и соловей

Франколин. Фото: polignosi.com

Всего на Кипре обитает более 350 видов птиц самых разных цветов и размеров. Из них только два вида постоянно живут на Кипре, еще 35 – эндемичные, а остальные 313 – мигрирующие. Расскажем про некоторых из них.

Франколин

Эта красивая птица на кипрском диалекте называется «автоджинара», а по-русски ее еще называют турач. Относится к семейству фазановых. Самец имеет яркую красивую раскраску, а самки, наоборот, серо-бурые. Это не перелетная птица, поэтому есть версия, что на Кипр его завезли люди еще в эпоху неолита.

Франколин — один из главных объектов охоты на острове. Живет на равнинах и в предгорьях, раньше обитал только в районах Пафоса и Карпасии, но после 1974 года живет и в буферной зоне, где ему никто не угрожает. Туда франколин попал с севера острова, а в 2000 году несколько особей были обнаружены уже в Гери. Несмотря на это франколин считается уязвимым видом и природозащитники призывают запретить охоту на него. Самец может подавать громкий звук, чтобы подтвердить свое главенство на территории. Их можно услышать обычно рано утром или поздно вечером.

Самка несет яйца с марта по май, по 6-12 штук за раз. При появлении опасности франколины умеют очень хорошо прятаться, сливаясь с камнями и окружающей растительностью.

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Видео: George konstantinou – Cyprus Wildlife tours

С франколином связана народная легенда. Якобы в одной кипрской деревне жила женщина, у которой была очень сварливая свекровь. Как-то раз они повздорили из-за количества хлеба, которое надо испечь: 23 булочки или 24. Свекровь напала на невестку и стала таскать ее за волосы. Тогда женщина стала молиться, чтобы Господь избавил ее от унижений, после чего превратилась во франколина, который с тех пор постоянно произносит последнюю фразу, сказанную женщиной: «костесера, петера» («двадцать четыре, свекровь»). Так киприоты объясняли тот звук, который издает франколин и который напоминал им указанную фразу.

Гусь

Гуси относятся к самым большим и тяжелым перелетным птицам. Всего в мире существует 15 видов гусей. Все они мигрируют большими стаями. Живут обычно на воде: на озерах, дамбах, реках, болотах, иногда даже на море.

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Серые гуси. Фото freepik.com

Хотя на Кипре не очень много водоемов, на острове останавливаются четыре вида гуся: белолобый гусь, серый гусь, краснозобая казарка (которая летит на Кипр из тундры) и нильский гусь. На Кипре гуси зимуют на озерах в районе Менеу, только нильский гусь предпочитает дамбу Аспрокреммос.

На кипрском диалекте гусей называют «колокошинес», что буквально значит «увалень».

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Видео: George konstantinou – Cyprus Wildlife tours

Соловей

Перелетная птичка, которая на Кипр прилетает весной, чтобы отложить яйца и высидеть птенцов. Ее основные места обитания в это время: Троодос, лес Махерас до Палехори, Полистипоса, Киперунды, Какопетрии, Калопанайотиса и Киккоса, а также северная сторона Пентадактилоса. Осенью соловьи улетают в центральную Африку, в густые леса на экваторе. Впрочем, большая часть соловьев останавливается на Кипре не для гнездования, а на пути из Африки в центральную и северную Европу.

соловей polignosi

Соловей. Фото polignosi.com

Соловей известен своим замысловатым пением. Перед тем, как начать свою трель, он садится на нижние ветви деревьев, поближе к земле, поэтому различить его бывает очень сложно. Сезон самых красивых трелей приходится на период с конца апреля по конец июля.

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Видео: wildaboutimages

 

 

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