Пятница, 19 апреля 2024

Замок Ларнаки: форт, тюрьма или музей

Фото in-cyprus.com

Так называемый «замок Ларнаки» — это форт, расположенный в конце набережной Финикудес. Его построили для защиты южного побережья Кипра и портового города, а позже использовали в качестве артиллерийской точки, тюрьмы и музея.

Аббат Джованни Марити, живший в Ларнаке в первой половине XVIII века, пишет, что замок Ларнаки возвели турки, тогда сооружение стояло в полуразрушенном состоянии, при этом там все еще был расквартирован гарнизон.

Как известно, поселение на территории современной Ларнаки существовало с XIV века д. н.э., когда колонисты из Микен основали здесь небольшой город. Много позже византийцы построили рядом с гаванью небольшой форт. Неясно, в каком именно году византийский форт был достроен, археологические исследования, проведенные вокруг замка, предполагают, что первоначальное строительство началось в конце XII века. Также неизвестно, что случилось с ним впоследствии – был ли он просто перестроен или разрушен, чтобы освободить место для новых укреплений.

Согласно древнейшим дошедшим до нас письменным источникам, например, сочинениям Флория Бустрона, замок относится к более раннему периоду — к годам правления короля Якова I (1382-1398). Бустрон упоминает, что замок построен для того, чтобы защитить городской порт, который после захвата Фамагусты генуэзцами использовался в качестве главного порта острова. Свидетельства других путешественников подтверждают, что замок доделали до 1625 года.

К XVIII веку укрепление потеряло свое значение и было заброшено. Именно тогда, в первой половине XVIII столетия, известный исследователь, аббат Джованни Марити, записал, что замок пребывал в полуразрушенном состоянии, но все еще служил в качестве штаба для гарнизона, защищающего город. Марити, основываясь на том, что он считал «османским архитектурным стилем», предположил, что замок построен турками.

На протяжении всего британского колониального правления замок служил тюрьмой. В одном из помещений справа от входа устанавливали виселицу для казни преступников. Последняя экзекуция состоялась в 1948 году. Во время межобщинных столкновений начала 1960-х греки-киприоты удерживали замок и тоже использовали его в качестве тюрьмы.

Вскоре после обретения Кипром независимости замок превратили в музей, а внутренний двор — в театр под открытым небом, вмещающий до 200 человек. В западной комнате музея экспонируются древние находки раннехристианских, византийских и пост-византийских времен, фотографии византийских настенных росписей выставлены в центральной комнате. В восточном зале представлены образцы средневековой глазурованной керамики сграффито XII –XVIII вв., металлические кухонные принадлежности и оружие XVIII-XIX вв., а также шлемы и мечи XV-XVI вв.. Самая восточная часть последней комнаты преобразована в османский онтас или гостиную XVIII – XIX вв.

В своем нынешнем состоянии замок — это комплекс зданий, построенных в разное время. Двухэтажное здание на северной стороне возвели в Османский период, о чем свидетельствует его архитектурный стиль и турецкая надпись над входом, тогда как восточное и южное крыло относятся к более ранним временам, хотя окончательно не установлено, каким именно.

Larnaca Castle incyprus3

Larnaca Castle incyprus2

Larnaca Castle incyprus4

Larnaca Castle incyprus5

Larnaca Castle incyprus6

Фото in-cyprus.com

 

 

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