На Кипре распустились полевые цветы – орхидеи, гладиолусы, анемоны и мандрагоры. Кроме красоты и благоухания, которым первые растения радуют нас после холодной зимы, эти растения играют важную роль в жизни. А ещё – напоминают о значимых исторических событиях.
Цветет раз в несколько лет
В первую очередь, Кипр славится своими дикими цветами вида орхидные: кипрской пчелиной орхидеей. Ее цветки имитируют формы насекомых (отсюда и название). Они издают тонкий аромат, напоминающий ванильный, чтобы привлечь опылителей. Хотя многие из этих растений не могут предложить пчелам никакого нектара. Экотуристы приезжают в окрестности деревень Пано и Като Лефкара, а также Като Дрис просто чтобы посмотреть на пчелиную орхидею и сфотографировать эти чудесные цветы. По-латыни цветок называется Ophrys kotschyi – в честь австрийского ботаника Теодора Котши (1813-1866). Ученый описал этот вид и родственные ему растения в Турции, Иране, Египте и на Кипре. Это единственная орхидея, эндемичная для Кипра. Она не встречается ни в одной другой стране мира (только в Греции есть родственный ей подвид).

Пчелиная орхидея. Фото: commons.wikimedia.org / Ch. Neophytou
Но кроме эндемичной пчелиной орхидеи на острове есть еще 46 различных видов орхидных, которые цветут раз в несколько лет. Легче всего найти вид Barlia robertiana (другое название – Himantoglossum robertianum), который очень напоминает гиацинт, и анакамптис пирамидальный (Anacamptis pyramidalis). Орхидеи не следует срывать. Хотя в прошлом сельские жители часто собирали их, чтобы украсить свои дома к Пасхе. Сейчас эти виды находятся под охраной.
Символ Воскресения
Орхидные растут не только в полях, но и в сосновых лесах. Например, романский пальчатокоренник (Dactylorhiza romana). Эти кремовые или светло-желтые цветы произрастают большими группами на Акамасе, в лесу Махераса и у деревни Вавациния. Вместе они смотрятся очень эффектно. С ними часто соседствуют орхидеи вида Orchis anatolica.

Орхидеи вида Orchis anatolica. Фото freepik.com
Кроме орхидей на Кипре есть много других прекрасных весенних цветов. В это время года только начинают цвести итальянские гладиолусы, которые также служат для украшения деревенских домов в период пасхальных праздников. Поэтому по-гречески их называют «анастаси», то есть «воскресение».
Корнями – в историю
Еще один впечатляющий цветок, который можно увидеть сейчас – ветреница корончатая (Anemone coronaria), также известная как анемон. Ее нежные соцветия бывают нескольких оттенков, от белого и розового до фиолетового. Встречается во многих местах, но особенно часто в районе селения Тохни. Согласно греческой мифологии, анемоны выросли из слез Афродиты, когда она оплакивала смерть Адониса. Считается, что анемон приносит удачу и защищает от зла. Кипрская примета гласит: если анемон закрывает свои лепестки, то собирается дождь.

Анемоны. Фото freepik.com
В это же время года цветет знаменитая мандрагора лекарственная. Это сильный афродизиак. С древних времен считается, что она обладает магической силой. А её корень представляет собой антропоморфное существо, которое начинает кричать, если его вытащить из земли. Считалось, что мандрагору можно безопасно вырвать с корнем только при свете полной луны, сопроводив это действо соответствующим заклинанием и ритуалом и привязав к стеблю черного пса, который и должен был вытащить мандрагору из земли. Мандрагора до сих пор используется в гомеопатии и народной медицине.

Мандрагора. Фото cyprus-mail.com
Прекрасные полевые цветы Кипра доступны для всех жителей острова. Благодаря современной технике, их легко запечатлеть и любоваться красотой при любой возможности. Это будет гораздо лучше, чем срывать их, чтобы цветы завяли через пару дней.
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